« 2018. #5 (143)

The Ethnology Notebooks, 2018, № 5 (143), 1106—1123

UDK 27-526.1-035.3-045.44]:27-72-549

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2018.05.1106

Received  16.07.2018

FUNCTIONAL, TECTON, SYMBOLIC STRUCTURES OF WOODEN EQUIPMENT OF THE CHURCH IN THE SPACE OF THE EUCHARIST`S LITURGIA

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-202X

Boliuk Oleh, Candidate of Sciences in Art Studies, Ph.D, doctoral student, research fellow

Folk Art Department

of the Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Svobody Avenue 15,  79000, Lviv, Ukraine.

Contacts: e-mail: oleh.bolyuk@gmail.com

Abstrakt. The system of wooden equipment of the Christian temple is divided into several locations, the definition of which is determined by the liturgical order of chains, necessary prayers and other religious practices, and economic affairs. A special place is occupied by the space of the Eucharist’s liturgy, which coincides with the skirts of the sanctuary and extends to the soleia in front of the iconostasis. This space includes the following typological groups of equipment: the main altar, the archbishop, the processional guard, the mountain seat, the altar icon, the altar cross, the blessed cross. In the article selectively considered each of the typological groups of equipment at the level of church­utility, joiner­constructive and figurative­symbolic structures.

Keywords: throne, kivorii, kivoth, processional, mountain place, cross, church, liturgy, equipment, function, tectonics, symbol, structure.

REFERENCES

Apolohet. (2009). Materialy I Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii «Khrystyians’ka sakral’na tradytsiia: vira, dukhovnist’, mystetstvo», 1–4 (16–19) [in Ukrainian].
Marder, A.P., Yevreinov, Yu.M., … Plamenyts’ka, O.A., Marder A.P. (Ed.). Arkhitektura: Korotkyj slovnyk-dovidnyk. (1995). Kyiv: Budivel’nyk [in Ukrainian].
Boliuk, O. (1998). Zvit mystetstvoznavchoi ekspedytsii. In Arkhiv Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy. F. 1. Op. 2. Od. zb. 462. Ark. 71 [in Ukrainian].
Boliuk, O. (2005). Zvit z kompleksnoi mystetstvoznavchoi ekspedytsii viddilu narodnoho mystetstva Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy na Tsentral’nu Bojkivschynu ta pivnichno-zakhidne Zakarpattia (zakarpats’ku Bojkivschynu) 2005 r.: narodna arkhitektura ta derev’iane tserkovne oblashtuvannia iz dodatkovoiu informatsiieiu pro inshi vydy dekoratyvno-prykladnoho mystetstva. In Arkhiv IN NANU. F. 1. Op. 2. Od. zb. 523 [in Ukrainian].
Boliuk, O. (2006). Zvit z kompleksnoi mystetstvoznavchoi ekspedytsii viddilu narodnoho mystetstva Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy na pivnichno-skhidnu Bojkivschynu ta Pidhir’ia 2006 r.: narodna arkhitektura ta derev’iane tserkovne oblashtuvannia iz dodatkovoiu informatsiieiu pro inshi vydy dekoratyvno-prykladnoho mystetstva. In Arkhiv IN NANU. F. 1. Op. 2. Od. zb. 536 [in Ukrainian].
Boliuk, O. (2008). Zvit z kompleksnoi mystetstvoznavchoi ekspedytsii viddilu narodnoho mystetstva Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy na Bukovyns’ku Hutsul’schynu 2008 r.: narodna arkhitektura ta derev’iane tserkovne oblashtuvannia iz dodatkovoiu informatsiieiu pro inshi vydy dekoratyvno-prykladnoho mystetstva. In Arkhiv IN NANU. F. 1. Op. 2. Od. zb. 581a [in Ukrainian].
Boliuk, O. (2009). Zvit z kompleksnoi mystetstvoznavchoi ekspedytsii viddilu narodnoho mystetstva Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy na tsentral’ne Zakarpattia 2009 r.: narodna arkhitektura ta derev’iane tserkovne oblashtuvannia iz dodatkovoiu informatsiieiu pro inshi vydy dekoratyvno-prykladnoho mystetstva. In Arkhiv IN NANU. F. 1. Op. 2. Od. zb. 596a [in Ukrainian].
Bocharov, H.N. (1969). Prykladnoe yskusstvo Novhoroda Velykoho. Moskva: Yskusstvo [in Russian].
Bulhakov’, S. (1930). Evkharystycheskij dohmat’ (Okonchaniie). Put’, 2, 3—33 [in Russian].
Volyns’ka ikona (doslidzhennia ta restavratsiia). (2009). Materialy XVI mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 105-j richnytsi vid dnia narodzhennia Pavla Zholtovs’koho, 70-richnytsi utvorennia Volyns’koi oblasti ta 810-j richnytsi halyts’ko-Volyns’koho kniazivstva, (m. Luts’k, 4—5 lystopada 2009 roku), Issue 16. Luts’k [in Ukrainian].
Volyns’ka ikona (doslidzhennia ta restavratsiia). (2011). Materialy XVIII mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii (m. Luts’k, 27—28 zhovtnia 2011 roku), Issue 18. Luts’k [in Ukrainian].
Herij O. (2007). Ukrains’ka kul’tura (Z novykh doslidzhen’). In Budivnytstvo ta ozdoblennia khramiv v Ukraini 16 — pershoi polovyny 17 st.: aspekty semantyky (рр. 473—486). L’viv: Instytutu narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Zapasko, Ya.P., Holod, I.V., Bilyk, V.I. & Kravchenko, Ya.O. (2000). Dekoratyvno-uzhytkove mystetstvo: Slovnyk (Vol. I). L’viv: Afisha [in Ukrainian].
Dundiak, I.M. (2003). Protsesijni ikony Zakhidnoi Ukrainy XVII—XIX st. (pokhodzhennia, ikonohrafichni ta khudozhni osoblyvosti). (Dysertatsiia kandydata mystetstvoznavstva). L’vivs’ka akademiia mystetstv [in Ukrainian].
Smolij, V.A. (Ed.). (2008). Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy (Vol. 5). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
Ermynyia yly nastavlenye v zhyvopysnom yskusstve sostavlennoe yeromonakhom y zhyvopystsem Dyonysyem Furnohrafystom. 1701—1733 hod. (1868). In Trudy Kievskoj dukhovnoj Akademiy [in Russian].
Kovachovychova-Pushkar’ova, B., & Pushkar, I. (1971). Derev’iani tserkvy Skhidnoho Obriadu na Slovachchyni. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku, 5—6. Bratislava: Pedahohichne tovarystvo; viddil ukrains’koi literatury v Priashevi [in Ukrainian].
Konstantynovych, Ya.B. (1939). Ikonostasis. Studienund Forschungen (Vol. 1.). L’viv: Naukove tovarystvo imeni T. Shevchenka. Pereklad Dutky, M.D. i Dutky, R.M. [in Ukrainian].
Liubachivs’kyj, M.I. (1990). Liturhika: khram-posudy-ryzy, dzvony-moschi-obrazy, knyhy tserkovni — tserkovnyj spiv (Part 1). Rym [in Ukrainian].
Pavliuk, S.P. (Ed.). (2007). Mala entsyklopediia ukrains’koho narodoznavstva. L’viv: Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Ovsijchuk, V.A. & Krvavych, D.P. (2000). Opovid’ pro ikonu. L’viv: Instytut narodoznavstva HAH Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Odrekhivs’kyj, R.V. (2007). Sakral’na riz’ba po derevu v Halychyni XIX — pershoi polovyny XX stolit’: Istoriia ta khudozhni osoblyvosti. L’viv. [in Ukrainian].
Olijnyk, O.V. (2011). Ukrains’ki tserkovni tkanyny: typy, pokhodzhennia, symvolika. The Ethnology notebooks, 4, (100), 680—690 [in Ukrainian].
Pekar, A. (1997). Vnutrishnia istoriia. In Narysy istorii Tserkvy Zakarpattia (Vol. II.). Rym; L’viv: Misioner [in Ukrainian].
Puriaieva, H. (2001). Slovnyk tserkovno-obriadovoi terminolohii. L’viv: Svichado [in Ukrainian].
Sviate Pys’mo Staroho ta Novoho Zavitu. (1989). Pereklad I. Khomenka [in Ukrainian].
Stankevych, M.Ye. (2006). Slovnyk ukrains’koho sakral’noho mystetstva. L’viv: Afisha; Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Solovij, M.M. (1959). Sviati rechi. In Liturhika dlia ukrains’kykh katolyts’kykh shkil (Part 1). Toronto: Vydavnytstvo OO Vasylian [in Ukrainian].
Stankevych, M.Ye. (1993). Systema kompozytsijnykh zakonomirnostej. In Antonovych, M.Ye., Zakharchuk-Chuhaj, R.V., & Stankevych, M.Ye. Dekoratyvno-prykladne mystetstvo (pp. 243—261). L’viv: Svit [in Ukrainian].
Stankevych, M. Ye. (2004). Struktury khudozhn’oho tekstu khresta. In Avtentychnist’ mystetstva: Pytannia teorii plastychnykh mystetstv. Vybrani pratsi (pp. 31—52). L’viv: Spilka krytykiv ta istorykiv mystetstva [in Ukrainian].
Stankevych, M.Ye. (2002). Ukrains’ke khudozhnie derevo XVI—XX st. L’viv: Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Taranushenko, S. (2011). Ikonostasy Slobids’koi Ukrainy. Kharkiv: Kharkivs’kyj pryvatnyj muzej mis’koi sadyby [in Ukrainian].
Taranushenko, S. (1976). Monumental’na derev’iana arkhitektura Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy. Kyiv: Budivel’nyk [in Ukrainian].
Taras, Ya. (2006). Ukrains’ka sakral’na derev’iana arkhitektura: Iliustrovanyj slovnyk-dovidnyk. L’viv: Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Uvarov’, A.S. (1867). Tserkovnyj dyptykh V vҌka. In Drevnosty; Trudy Moskovskaho Arkheolohycheskaho Obschestva (Vol. I, pp. 1—16). Moskva: Typohrafiia Hracheva y Ko u Prechystenskykh’ vorot h. Myliakovoj [in Russian].
Ukrains’ke sakral’ne mystetstvo: tradytsii, suchasnist’, perspektyvy (Ukrains’ke sakral’ne mystetstvo XIII—XV stolit’): materialy tret’oi naukovoi konferentsii. (2001). (L’viv, 4—5 travnia 1995 roku). L’viv: Instytut narodoznavstva NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
Fedoriv, Yu. (2004). Poiasnennia tserkovnykh bohosluzhin’ i Sviatykh Tajn. L’viv: Svichado [in Ukrainian].
Bogdan, M. (1994). Ołtarz — centrum przestrzeni sakralnej. Według prawa Liturgii Posoborowej. (Praca doktorska). S. I : s. n.[in Polish].
Forstner, D. (1990). Świat symboliki Chrześcijańskiej. Przekład i opracowanie Zakrewska, W., Pachciarek, P. & Turzyński, R.; wybór ilustracji i komentarz Łozińska, T. Warszawa: Instutut wydawniczy [in Polish].
Gloger, Z. (1958). Encyklopedia staropolska ilustrowana (Vol. II.). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna [in Polish].
Gralewski, J. (1939, Kwiecien). Sztuka zdobnicza. Arkady, 176—184 [in Polish].
Montevecchi, B., & Rocca, S.V. (1988). Suppellettile ecclesiastica I.4. Dizionari terminologici. Centro Di [in Italian].
Narolewski, T. (1936). Agnus Dei. Arkady, Rocznik II, 198—200. Warszawa: Drukarnia Państwa w Warszawie [in Polish].
Sczaniecki, P. (1962). Służba Boża w dawnej Polsce. Studia o mszy św. Poznan; Warszawa; Lublin: Ksiięgarnia św. Wojciecha [in Polish].
Smoliński, J. (1915). Kościół pp. Brygitek, później Wizytek w Lublinie і odkryte malowidla ścienne z XV wieku. In Sprawozdanie Komisyi do badania Historyi sztuki w Polsce (Vol. IX, issue III—IV). Kraków: Nakładem Akademii Umiętności [in Polish].
Szyszko-Bogusz, A., & Sokołowski, M. (1915). Trzy koscioiy hallowe: Olkusz, Krasnik, Kleczków. In Sprawozdanie Komisyi do badania Historyi sztuki w Polsce (Vol. IX, issue І—II, pp. 209—222). Kraków: Nakładem Akademii Umiętności [in Polish].
Żanowiecki, L. (1901). Barwy liturgiczne w kościele rzymsko-katolickim pod względem historycznym, symbolicznym i estetycznzym z 20-ma rycinami chromolitografowanemi. Petersburg: Nakładem autora; Księgarnia K. Grendyszyńskiego [in Polish].
Żeliński, C. (1960). Sztuka sakralna: Co należy wiedzieć o budowie i konserwacji Domu Bożego: podręcznik opracowany na podztawie prepisów kościelnych. Poznan; Warszawa; Lublin : księgarnia sw. Wojciecha [in Polish].
Hagia Sophia. Retrieved from:
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0% BE% D1%84% D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%  8C%D0%BA%D0% B8% D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%9A%D0% BE% D0%BD%D1% 81%D1%82% D0%B0% D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0% BF% D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C)#/media/File: Gaspare_Fossati_Louis_Haghe_Vue_g% C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_la_grande_nef,_en_regardant_l% 27occident_(Hagia_Sophia_-_Ayasofya_Mosque_nave).jpg]. (Last accessed: 15.05.2018).
Pistsyna. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piscina (Last accessed: 15.05.2018) [in Ukrainian].

Read»

Our authors
Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
Read »

Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
Read »

Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
Read »

Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »