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The Ethnology Notebooks. 2025. № 1 (181), 145—158

UDK 743(477.411)НАОМА:378.6.091.3:743

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/

THE TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD OF THE CONCEPT «PLASTIC ANATOMY»: ITS ESSENCE AND ASPECTS OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN HISTORICAL GENESIS

MELNYCHUK Anastasia

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-1652
  • Teacher of Plastic Anatomy, 
  • Senior Teacher of the Department of Digital Visual Arts
  •  National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture,
  • 20, Voznesensky Uzviz, 04053, Kyiv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: a.melnychuk@naoma.edu

Abstract. The study is devoted to the definition of terminology and development of the concept of «plastic anatomy», which is extremely important in the context of modern science and art. Taking into account historical and cultural aspects, as well as changes in the scientific and artistic environment, allows us to rethink the role of plastic anatomy in the context of the development of medicine, art and education, which is what the relevance of our research focuses on. In particular, the preservation of traditional methods and materials, such as mannequins, in combination with new technologies and methods of studying anatomy, is important for the formation of the modern educational process in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to study the evolution of the terminological field of the concept of «plastic anatomy», as well as to analyze the history of the development of plastic anatomy as a science and artistic discipline. Particular attention is paid to the study of the methods used in this study and their relationship with the stages of development of civilizations and cultures: historiographical and source analysis, as well as methods of art history (formal, stylistic), which allow us to study the evolution of plastic anatomy through the prism of works of art from different eras; this method is especially suitable for the analysis of works of art from the Renaissance period. This category of styles also includes: realism, naturalism: they are presented in all arts, especially in painting, sculpture and graphics. The idealistic style in art contributes to the understanding of the ideal of beauty as it is perceived by the mind. This style is inherent in Egyptian art, as well as ancient art — ancient Greek, ancient Roman; as well as works of art of the era of classicism, neoclassicism, etc. The artist adjusts reality in a certain way until he gets an idea of the beautiful. A whole series of methods is inherent in anatomy, which is the scientific basis of the art of plastic anatomy. One such method is plastination, a technique or process used in anatomy to preserve bodies or body parts. Very important for the research is the methodology and practical instructions that relate to the production of ecorches. Also, in the sense of applying traditional techniques, technologies and practical recommendations, it is important to turn to mock-up — this is the art of simulating injuries for the purpose of training emergency response teams and other medical and military personnel. 

Keywords: anatomy, plastic anatomy, ecorche, terminology in the field of art, art history and anatomy.

Received 27.01.2025

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