Archive
«The Ethnology Notebooks» 2020 year, issue 2 read »
2012 year, issue 4 read »
2011 year, issue 1 read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2022. #3 (165). P. 523-744 DOI... read »

« 2025. # 5 (185)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2025. № 5 (185), 1153—1167

UDK94:329.7]:[343.261-052:323.28](477)”19″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/

THE PATH TO UKRAINIANISM. TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF AFANAS ZALIVAKHA

SAPELYAK Oksana

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-65
  • Candidate of Historical Scientes, Senior Research Associate,
  • Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy
  • of Sciences of Ukraine, Department of Modern Ethnology, 
  • Active Member of the Shevcheko Scientific Society,
  • 15, Svobody Avenue, 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: oksana.sapelyak@gmail.com

Abstract. The study of the traditional culture of Ukrainians is focused mainly on issues of material culture. Considerable attention is paid in modern science to the study of the spiritual and religious life of the people, folk knowledge, and rituals.

The purpose and objectives of the article are to examine the Ukrainian Resistance movement of the mid-20th century, that is, the Sixties as a national spiritual tradition of the struggle for national freedom, an independent state in conditions of enslavement for centuries.

Under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, when the very concept of national identity was being liquidated, when slavish disenfranchisement became the norm of existence, the tradition of the struggle for freedom, law and justice, and national culture manifested itself in the activities of the Sixties. 

The object of this study is the Sixties Resistance movement, the subject is the life path of the artist Afanas Zalivakha.

Keywords: Resistance movement, sixties, Afanas Zalivakha, political prisoners, self-awareness, samizdat, Ukrainianism.

Received 22.09.2025

REFERENCES

  • Zalyvakha, O. (2024). Letters to Halyna Sevruk. 2003. Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 107—115). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Koshelivets, I. (1963). Panorama of the latest literature in the Ukrainian SSR. Munich [in Ukrainian].
  • Koshelivets, I. (1964). Modern literature in the Ukrainian SSR. Munich [in Ukrainian].
  • Koszeliwec, Iwan. (1969). Ukraina 1956—1968. Paris: Instytut Literacki [in Polish].
  • Svitlychny, I. (1977). Gratovani sonneti. New York: Suchasnist Publishing House [in Ukrainian].
  • Sverstyuk, E., & Koszeliwec, I. (1979). Selected Works. Munich: Suchasnist Publishing House [in Ukrainian].
  • Koszeliwec, I. (2000). Shestidesyatnyki. Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies (Vol. 10, pp. 3847—3849). Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kravtsiv, V. (1962). «The Great Dipper» and «Hound Dogs» (Part 2).
  • Munich: Suchasnist [in Ukrainian].
  • Kravtsiv, B. (1967). Sixty Poets of the Sixties. Anthology of New Ukrainian Poetry. Munich [in Ukrainian].
  • Drozdovsky, D. (2006). The Code of the Future. Philosophy of the Ukrainian Sixties: Monograph. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Mokryk, R. (2023). Revolt against the Empire: Ukrainian Sixties. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Zaretsky, O., & Marychevsky, M. (Ed.). (1996). Alla Horska. The Red Shadow of the Viburnum. Letters, Memories, Articles. Kyiv: Spalah [in Ukrainian].
  • Zaitsev, Yuri. (2024). Ivan Gel. Interviews, Documents, Works, Memories. Lviv: Institute of Ukrainian Studies named after I. Krypyakevych NAS of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
  • Lytvyn, Halyna, & Mecheva, Oleksandra.(2024). Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents. Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Ovsienko, V. (2024). Interview with Afanas Zalivakha. Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 168—211). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalivakha, O. (1999, 2024). As if in the temple of God. Bagattya. Borys Antonechko-Davydovych through the eyes of contemporaries (Pp. 225—228); Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 57—60). Kyiv; Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalyvakha, O. (2024). Speech at the funeral of Ivan Honchar (1993). Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (P. 72). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalyvakha, O., Zaretsky, O., & Marychevsky, M. (Eds.). (1996, 2024). Ascension. Alla Horska. The Red Shadow of the Viburnum. Letters, memories, articles; Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memoirs, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 164—167). Kyiv: Spalah; Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalyvakha, O. (2024). Letters to Alla Gorska. Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 97—105). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalyvakha, O. (2024). «Powder» and the Holy Spirit. Artania. 2010, 1 (Book 18, pp. 23—24); Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 70—71). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Koterlin, R. (2000). «Uncultivated and under-revived, because barren». Return (Pp. 228—239). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian]. 
  • Stefurak, N. (2024). Here are my spiritual roots. «Halychyna» city. 30.11.1995; Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 216—219).Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalivakha, O. (2001, 2024). Knight of the Ukrainian idea. Lesya Bodnaruk. Mykhailo Soroka; Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 55—56). Drohobych; Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Kipiani, V., Ovsienko, V., & Zaitsev, Yuri. (2024). Interview with Ivan Gel. Ivan Gel. Interview, documents, works, memories (Pp. 192—263).Lviv: Institute of Ukrainian Studies named after I. Krypiakevych NAS of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalivakha, O. (1998, 2024). Dobrooky. Memories of Ivan Svitlychny (Pp. 200—205); Return. Afanas Zalivakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 37—42). Kyiv; Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Gel, I. (1993). Edges of Culture. Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Zalyvakha, O. (1992, 2024). With faith and love (preface). Lesiv Ya. TT. (prison silence); Return. Afanas Zalyvakha in memories, letters, archives, documents (Pp. 61—62). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Lesiv, Ya., & Svitlychna, Nadiya. (1982). Myt. Poems from prison. New York [in Ukrainian].
Our authors
Kuzmenko Oksana Senior Researcher, Candidate of... read »
Ulana Movna. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in History. read »
Olena Fedorchuk. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. read »
Roman Radovych. Researcher, Ph.D. in History. read »
Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
Read »

Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »

Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
Read »