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The Ethnology Notebooks. 2023. № 4 (172), 933—950

UDK [39:[728.6:644.1]](477.4)”18/19″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.04.933

HEATING SYSTEM OF PUBLIC DWELLING IN THE CENTRAL TRANSDNIPRIAN REGION (Part 1. Evolution of smoke removal methods, design features of the stove)

RADOVYCH Roman

  • ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-8948
  • Doctor of Sciences in History, Senior Researcher
  • of the Institute of Ethnology
  • of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
  • in the Department of Historical Ethnology,
  • 15, Svobody Avenue, 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: radovychroman@gmail.com

Abstract. Among a number of typological features that characterize traditional dwelling, the heating system occupies an important place. Considering the fact that in relation to the terrain of the Middle Transdniprian region, this issue has never been a subject of special interest to scientists, the proposed work is extremely relevant.

The author sets himself the goal of following the dynamics of the evolution of smoke removal methods and finding out the design features of the stove — the main heating device in the dwellings of the people of Transdniprian region. The object of the study is the residential heating system of the Central Transdniprian region and the subject is the evolution of smoke removal methods and the design features of the stove. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism in combination with elements of structural and functional analysis and the use of the main methods of ethnological science: retrospective, typological, complex and analysis, historical reconstruction, etc. The research territory covers the entire massif of the Central Transdniprian region. Chronological boundaries  — the 19th — the first half of the 20th century.

The work uses separate information about smoke removal methods and heating devices, which contain sources of the 17th—18th centuries, 19th — early 20th centuries, as well as the author’s field materials collected during expeditions in 2008—2010.

On the territory of the Central Transdniprian region n in the 19th — at the beginning of the 20th centuries. The main heating device in homes, as everywhere in Ukraine, was a stove. Older ovens were built from clay on a wooden substructure. However, the use of raw (rarely fired) bricks during the construction of stove can be attributed to at least the first half — the middle of the 19th century. The chimney heating system until the middle of the 18th century. Here it was mostly eliminated — half-smoked and white-heated dwellings became dominant. Therefore, in the middle of the 19th century heating in white has become dominant here.

Keywords: heating system, smoke heating, semi-smoke heating, white heating, stove, furnace, combustion chamber.

Received 28.06.2023

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