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The Ethnology Notebooks. 2023. № 5 (173), 1153—1201

UDK 930.2:[355.09:179.6](477)”1914/2023″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.05.1153

«HE IS NOT A MAN WHO HAS NOT BEEN AT WAR»: TRANSFORMATION OF THE STEREOTYPE ABOUT MALE COURAGE IN UKRAINE (1914—2023 YEARS)

KILAR Anastasia

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-513X
  • Postgraduate student of the Departmentof Historical Ethnology,
  • Ethnology Institute оf the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
  • 15 Svobody ave., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: anastasiakilar@gmail.com

Abstract. The article highlights the issue of the transformation of the concept of courage of the Ukrainian warrior from the end of the 19th century to the present day. The author considers different periods and circumstances in which Ukrainian soldiers and women soldiers were, and what exactly affected the concept of courage. Special attention is paid to the period of the Russian-Ukrainian war from the point of view of the relevance of this topic.

The article highlights the image of a modern Ukrainian soldier, society’s perception of the new image of the Armed Forces as a single structure that guarantees the country’s security. Given that the war continues and is in an active phase, history continues to be written and therefore it is extremely important to record the contemporary experience and continue to explore it from various perspectives.

This determines the relevance of our topic.

The purpose of the article is to find out the peculiarities of the concept of courage in different periods of history.

The object of the study is a Ukrainian warrior from the 19th century to the present, and the subject is the idea of masculinity in different periods and their transformation.

The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach, which significantly expands the boundaries of research perspectives. Oral history as a source and method plays a key role in the study of this issue.

The territory of the study covers the entire modern territory of Ukraine. Chronological boundaries of the study: from the end of the 19th century. (Ukrainians in the armies of Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire) — and up to now (including the period of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine after February 24, 2022).

The source base of the work was published and unpublished oral history sources, periodicals, mass media, monographs, field research materials.

Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war, courage, medics, soldiers, volunteers, Armed Forces.

Received 15.08.2023

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Our authors
Ulana Movna. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in History. read »
Boliuk Oleh - kandidate of sciences in arts, Doctoral... read »
Olena Fedorchuk. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. read »
Yaroslav Taras. Head of Department, Professor, Doctor... read »
Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
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Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
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Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
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Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
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