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« 2024. # 1 (175)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2024. № 1 (175), 96—108

UDK 94(430.129=161.2)”1991/2015″:314.151

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2024.01.096

UKRAINIANS IN BAVARIA: MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION ASPECTS (1991— 2015)

MARKHVINSKYI Ivan

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5178-3511
  • Graduate Student,
  • Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
  • Department of Modern World History,
  • 1, Universytetska str., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: Iwan17@ukr.net

Abstract. Introduction. Migration processes from Ukraine to Germany accelerated markedly in the early 1990s. This led to the formation of a powerful Ukrainian community, and Bavaria became one of its most important centers, along with Berlin.

Problem Statement. The study of Ukrainian migration to Germany after Ukraine gained independence is rather sporadic and focuses mainly on cultural issues. At the same time, even less attention has been paid to the complex issues of the situation of Ukrainians in individual German federal states. Thus, the Ukrainian community in Bavaria requires a more detailed and comprehensive study, especially when it comes to the coverage of migration processes in the period from 1991 to 2015.

Purpose. Our article aims to analyze the main features of the Ukrainian migration movement to Bavaria from 1991 to 2015, to characterize the integration of Ukrainians into German society, and to highlight the activities of the main Ukrainian national, cultural, and educational organizations.

Methods. In preparing the study, general scientific methods of synthesis and analysis were used, and the principles of historicism and scientific impartiality were observed. The work is based on a problematic and chronological approach to the study of this issue.

Results. More than half of the Ukrainian citizens of Bavaria were persons who came to Germany under the right of resettlement of late German immigrants (Spдtaussiedler) and persons who left through Jewish immigration or, as they are also called, «contingent refugees» (Kontingentflьchtlinge). A significant proportion of them are Ukrainian citizens married to Germans and people who came under the right of temporary residence (for work or study) and were able to stay in Germany.

Conclusion. According to the 2011 census, more than 20000 Ukrainian citizens lived in Bavaria, and according to the 2007 and 2010 microcensuses, about the same number of people with Ukrainian migration backgrounds lived in Bavaria. The main sources of replenishment of the Ukrainian community were labor emigration, resettlement of German late immigrants and their families from Ukraine, migration of people of Jewish origin and the arrival of Ukrainian students to study at Bavarian universities.

Keywords: Bavaria, Munich, Ukrainian emigration, Ukrainian diaspora, Ukrainians of Bavaria.

Received 11.01.2024

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