Archive
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2020. # 6 (156). P. 1245–1496 DOI... read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2022. #3 (165). P. 523-744 DOI... read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2025. # 1 (181). P. 1-248 DOI... read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2021. #4 (160). P. 763–1032 DOI... read »

« 2025. # 6 (186)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2025. № 6 (186), 1456—1461

UDK 94(477.83/.86=411.16)”19″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/

THE JEWISH POPULATION OF GALICIAIN THE MEMOIRS OF IVAN MAKUKH

VASKIV Nazar

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-0166
  • Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor,
  • Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
  • Department of World Modern History,
  • 1 Universytetska Street, Lviv, Ukraine, 79000,
  • Contacts: e-mail: nazarvask@gmail.com

Abstract. Introduction. A historical understanding of interethnic relations in Galicia was an essential element of the state-building vision of Ukrainian public and political figures in the first half of the twentieth century. Their analyses laid the groundwork for socio-political, economic and cultural interaction among the various nationalities of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Problem Statement. The «Jewish question» became particularly pressing at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Legislative reforms, rapid social integration processes, the intensification of antisemitic sentiment across Europe and the emergence of modern identities (Zionists, assimilationists, Orthodox, socialists, etc.) compelled Galician political actors to develop models for engaging or opposing the region’s Jewish population. The constructive dimension of these efforts lay in an attempt to critically and comprehensively reflect on the historical experience of Ukrainian-Jewish coexistence and to define clear prospects for the advancement of bilateral relations. A notable contribution in this regard was made by the prominent public and political figure, lawyer Ivan Makukh.

Purpose of the Article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Jewish population of Galicia as reflected in the memoir legacy of I. Makukh.

Methodological Framework. The study is grounded in the principles of historicism and objectivity. It applies comparative analysis, content analysis, synthesis, systematization, quantitative and-statistical methods, and generalization to examine the source material.

Results. The analysis enables a reconstruction of I. Makukh’s views on the Jewish population of Galicia. His personal experience of growing up in a multiethnic environment shaped a coherent and consistent view on the status of Galician Jewry and the broader dynamics of Ukrainian-Jewish coexistence. This position remained stable and unchanged throughout his life.

Conclusion. The memoirs of I. Makukh represent a valuable source for understanding the condition of the Jewish population and the nature of interethnic relations in Galicia. They complement the broader corpus of writings by leading Ukrainian public and political figures, and underscore the enduring significance of interethnic dialogue rooted in tolerance. As such, I. Makukh’s reflections offer a clear articulation of both existing and prospective models for Ukrainian-Jewish coexistence.

Keywords: Jewish population, Ivan Makukh, memoirs, Ga-licia, Ukrainian-Jewish relations.

Received 5.11.2025

REFERENCES

  • Makukh, I. (1958). In the Service of the People. Detroit [in Ukrainian].
  • Fan, R. (2019). History of Jewish National Autonomy during the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic. Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Nazaruk, O. The Jewish Issue Has Ripened for Resolution. Retrieved from: : https://zbruc.eu/node/90798 (accessed: June 02, 2025) [in Ukrainian].
  • Nazaruk, O. (1906, June 15). How the Jews work. Public Voice, 39 [in Ukrainian].
  • Klodnytskyi, O. (1964). The Other Side of the Coin (Remarks in the Margins of Dr. I. Makukh’s Book In Public Service, Published by the Ukrainian Free Community in America in 1958). Chicago [in Ukrainian].
  • Bodnar, О. (2009). Ivan Makukh. Western Ukrainian People’s Republic 1918—1923. Governments. Figures. Lviv: I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies [in Ukrainian].
  • Svorak, S., & Futuluichuk, D. (2011). Ivan Makukh — State Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Bulletin of the Kharkiv University of Internal Affairs, 4 (55), 72—76 [in Ukrainian].
  • Kulchytskyi, R. (2008). Ambassadorial activities of Ivan Makukh (1908—1914). East, 5, 33—38 [in Uk-ra-inian].
  • (1908). The Galician Statistics Manual published by the National Statistical Office under the editorship of Dr. Tadeusz Pilat (Vol. VIII, part one). Lviv: From the 1st Union Printing House in Lviv, Lindego L. 4 str. [in Polish].
  • Voldan, A., & Terpitz, O. (2016). At the Crossroads: Ivan Franko and the Jewish Question in Galicia. Proceedings of a Scientific Conference at the University of Vienna (October 24—25, 2013). Kyiv: Krityka [in Ukrainian].
  • Okhrymovych, V. (1910). On the falsification of national statistics during previous conscriptions. Dilo, 286, 2 [in Ukrainian].
  • Okhrymovych, V. (1910). On the falsification of national statistics during previous conscriptions (The end). Dilo, 287, 1—2 [in Ukrainian].
  • Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv. Fund 372. Inventory 1. File 7 [in Ukrainian].
  • Nazaruk, O. (1926). Labor and religion; idea-press-insert. The shortest history of Ukraine: Science for activists. Chicago [in Ukrainian].
  • Romancyuk, J. (1902). Die Ruthenen und ihre gegner in Galizien. Wien [in German].
  • (1905). On Electoral Reform. Svoboda (Part 48, p. 1) [in Ukrainian].
  • Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine, Lviv. Fund 663. Inventory 1. File 24. Sheets 1—9 [in Ukrainian].
  • (2001). Western Ukrainian People’s Republic 1918—1923. Documents and materials: in 5 vol. (Vol. 2). Ivano-Frankivsk [in Ukrainian].
  • Friеdman, F. (1933). History of the Jews in Galicia (1772—1914). Jews in Reborn Poland (Vol. 1, pp. 377—412). Warsaw [in Polish].
  • Moskalets, V. New Elite of Drohobych Retrieved from: https://www.ji.lviv.ua/n71texts/Nova_ekonom_elita.htm?utm_ (accessed: June 06, 2025) [in Ukrainian].
  • (1907, June 28). On the elections. Public Voice (Part 48, p. 1) [in Ukrainian].
  • Makukh, I. (1914). New Law on Elections to the Galician Sejm (Explanation with a Map of the Districts of Eastern Galicia). Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Archive of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Rome, Fund 1. Inventory 27. File 327. Retrieved from: https://zunr.arinsy.com/file-viewer/1862#file-147927 (accessed: October 23, 2024) [in Ukrainian].
  • Archive of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Rome. Fund 1. Inventory 27. File 90. Retrieved from: https://zunr.arinsy.com/file-viewer/1625#file-114656 (accessed: October 20, 2024) [in Ukrainian].
  • Yurchuk, L. (2014). The Border Guard Corps of the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Volyn Voivodeship: Features of Formation (1924—1929). Bulletin of the National University «Lviv Polytechnic». State and Army, 784, 161—167 [in Ukrainian].
Our authors
Roman Radovych. Researcher, Ph.D. in History. read »
Oksana Sapeliak. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in... read »
Yaroslav Taras. Head of Department, Professor, Doctor... read »
Kuzmenko Oksana Senior Researcher, Candidate of... read »
On bessarabian and moldavian ukrainians in the studies of historical ethnography
The article has thrown some light upon a sum of scientific findings got during XIX to XXI cc. in historio-ethnographic studies of Bessarabia and Moldavian Ukrainians. In the pre­sent paper has been given author’s answer to the problem of lacking progress as for the numerous themes concerning Ukrainians. State and achievements of the research-works in Ukrainians’ material and spiritual culture by the scientists of Moldavia and Ukraine through the years of independence has been exposed.
Read »

Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
Read »

Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
Read »

On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »