Archive
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2021. #6 (162). P. 1309-1558 DOI... read »
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 2016 year, issue 1 read »
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 2015 year, issue 3 read »
«The Ethnology Notebooks» 2019 year, issue 5 read »

« 2017. #3 (135)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2017, 3 (135), 579–595

UДК 730:792.246 (477)

https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2017.03.579

NATIVITY CRIB (SHOPKA) IN UKRAINIAN CHRISTIAN TRADITION: GENESIS, HISTORY, SYMBOLIC

Herus Liudmyla, Candidate of Sciences in Art Studies,

Senior Researcher Folk Art Department of the National

Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

Svobody Avenue 15, 79000, Lviv, Ukraine.

Contacts: (067)2703221; e-mail: ludmilagerus@gmail.com

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-3816

Abstract. Genesis and evolution of Nativity crib (shopka) in Ukrainian Christian tradition are traced, social and cultural factors of its development are grounded, its symbolic is clarified, national specific is demonstrated, its artistic value is revealed in the article on the basis of exploration of scientific sources, documental data and unique artifacts.

Keywords: Christmas, Christianity, Ukraine, Nativity crib (shopka), Nativity Play, prezepe, art, image.

Received 18.05.2017

REFERENCES

Fond Derzhavnoho muzeiu teatral’noho, muzychnoho i kinomystetstva Ukrainy. R. 10831. Arkhiv «Vertep». Tekst Kup’ians’koho vertepu. Pysanyj rukoiu H. S. Panasenka [in Ukrainian].
Arkhimovych L. B. (1989) Narodnyj teatr. Istoriia ukrains’koi muzyky: v 6 t. – Kyiv: Naukova dumka. T. 1: Vid najdavnishykh chasiv do seredyny ХІХ st. – S. 121–136 [in Ukrainian].
Barkli, U. (1986) Tolkovanie evangeliia ot Matfeia. perevod s angliiskogo originala: «The Gospel of Matthew. – Volume 1». Edinburgh. T. І. Gl. 1–10 [in Russian].
Bilets’kyj, O. I. (1965) Zarodzhennia dramatychnoi literatury na Ukraini. Davnia ukrains’ka i davnia rosijs’ka literatury. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. T. 1. S. 277–353 [in Ukrainian]..
Boren’ko, N. (2008) Narodnyj vertep Volodymyra Shahaly. Naukovi zapysky. Muzej nar. arkhitektury i pobutu u L’vovi. L’viv. Vyp. 2. S. 118–130 [in Ukrainian]..
Veselovskii, A. N. (1870) Starinnyi teatr v Evrope. Istoricheskie ocherki. Moskva: Tip. P. Bakhmeteva [in Russian].
Vozniak, M. S. (1912) Stara ukrains’ka drama i novishi doslidy nad neiu. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. Shevchenka. L’viv. T. 112. Kn. 6. S. 139–191 [in Ukrainian]..
Vozniak, M. S. (1955) Pochatky ukrains’koi komedii (1619–1819). Vyd. 2. L’viv: HOVERLYA [in Ukrainian].
Galagan, G. P. (1882) Malorusskii «vertep» ili vertepnaia rozhdestvenskaia drama: Obiasnitelnyi tekst s notami i risunkom iashchika dlia predstavlenii. Kievskaia starina. T. ІV. S. 9–38 [in Russian].
Hrinchenko, M. O. (1947) Narys istorychnoho rozvytku ukrains’koi narodnoi muzyky. Mystetstvo. Fol’klor. Etnohrafiia. Kyiv: Vyd-vo AN URSR T. 1–2. S. 81–93 [in Ukrainian].
Hrytsaj, M. S. (1962) Do istorii ukrains’koi vertepnoi dramy. Visnyk Kyivs’koho universytetu. Seriia filolohii ta zhurnalistyky. № 5. Vyp. 2. S. 14–20 [in Ukrainian].
Danchenko, V. B. (1973) Ukrains’kyj vertep (Rozdumy pro vynyknennia ta pobutuvannia). Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiia.№ 1. S. 64–67 [in Ukrainian].
Zhitetckii, P. I. (1882) Malorusskii vertep. Predvaritelnye zamechaniia. Kievskaia starina. T. ІV.S. 1–8 [in Russian].
Kazymyrov, O. A. (1965) Ukrains’kyj amators’kyj teatr: (Dozhovtnevyj period) Kyiv: Mystetstvo [in Ukrainian].
Kysil’, O. H. (1925) Ukrains’kyj teatr. Populiarnyj narys istorii ukrains’koho teatru. Kyiv: Knyhospilka [in Ukrainian].
Kysil’, O. H. (1968) Ukrains’kyj teatr: Doslidzhennia. Kyiv: Mystetstvo [in Ukrainian].
Kobal’chyns’ka, R. (1999) Mystets’ke ozdoblennia Rizdvianykh sviat. Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiia. № 1. S. 113–118 [in Ukrainian].
Levyts’kyj, O. (1914) Velykodni «kukly». Ukraina. Kn. 1 [in Ukrainian].
Kurochkin, O. (2014) Ukrains’kyj vertep na mezhi dvokh epokh. Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiia. № 6. S. 29–41 [in Ukrainian].
Markevich, N. A. (1860) Obychai, povѣria, kukhnia i napitki malorossіian. Izvlecheno iz nynѣshniago narodnago byta i sostavleno Nikolaem Markevichem. Izdal I. Davidenko (S graviuroiu). Kiev: V tipografіi I. i A. Davidenko [in Russian].
Markovs’kyj, Ye. M. (1929) Ukrains’kyj vertep: Rozvidky j teksty. Vyp. 1. Materialy z ukrains’koi narodnoi dramy. Kyiv: Druk. VUAN [in Ukrainian]
Pastushuk, H. O. (2013) Anhlijs’kyj misterijnyj tsykl iak zrazok karnaval’noi retseptsii biblijnoho naratyvu. Naukovi pratsi: naukovometodychnyj zhurnal. T. 217. Vyp. 205. Filolohiia. Literaturoznavstvo. Mykolaiv. S. 69–74 [in Ukrainian].
Perettc, V. N. (1895) Kukolnyi teatr na Rusi: (Istoricheskii ocherk). Ezhegodnik imperatorskikh teatrov. Sezon 1894–1895 gg. (piatyi god izdaniia). Prilozheniia. Sankt-Peteburg. Kn. 1. S. 85–185 [in Russian].
Peretts, V. M. (1908) Do istorii vertepnoi dramy. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka.T. 85. Kn. 5. S. 5–20 [in Ukrainian].
Petrov, N. I. (1911) Ocherki iz istorii ukrainskoi literatury XVІІ i VІІІ vv., preimushchestvenno dramaticheskaia. Kiev: Tip. aktc. ovo «Petr Barskii v Kieve» [in Russian].
Pylypchuk, R. (2010) Do pytannia pro pochatok ukrains’koho vertepu, abo sche raz v oboroni Erazma Izopol’s’koho. Radyshevs’kyj R. Ukrains’ka polonistyka: problemy, shkola, syl’vetky. Kyivs’ki polonistychni studii. T. XXVII. Kyiv. S. 363–375 [in Ukrainian].
Pokrovskii, N. (1892) Evangelie v pamiatnikakh ikonografii preimushchestvenno vizantiiskikh i russkikh. Sankt-Peterburg [in Russian].
Romanov, E. R. (1912) Belorusskii sbornik. Vip. 8. Byt belorussa. Vilno: Tip. A. G. Syrkina [in Russian].
Svientsits’kyj I. (1933) Rizdvo Khrystove v pokhodi vikiv (istoriia literaturnoi temy j formy). Zbirky Natsional’noho muzeiu u L’vovi. L’viv [in Ukrainian].
Selivanov, A. (1884) Vertep v kupianskom uezde kharkovskoi gubernii. Kievskaia starina. № 3. S. 512–515 [in Russian].
Slovnyk antychnoi mitolohii / uporiad. Kozovyk I. Ya., Ponomariv O. D. (2006) Ternopil’: Navchal’na knyha. Bohdan [in Ukrainian].
Terekhovs’kyj, R. (2013) Palomnytstvo do Sviatoi Zemli. L’viv: Svichado [in Ukrainian].
Farrar, F. V. (2008) Zhizn Іisusa. Kiev: Presa Ukrainy [in Russian].
Fedas, J. Yu. (1987) Ukrains’kyj narodnyj vertep (u doslidzhenniakh ХІХ–ХХ st.). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
Franko, I. Ya. (1981) Rus’koukrains’kyj teatr. Istorychni obrysy. Franko I. Ya. Zibrannia tvoriv: u 50 t. Kyiv. T. 29. S. 293–336 [in Ukrainian].
Franko, I. Ya. (1982) Do istorii ukrains’koho vertepu XVIII v. Franko I. Ya. Zibrannia tvoriv: u 50 t. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.T. 36. S. 170– 375 [in Ukrainian].
Franko, I. Ya. (1983) Novi materialy do ukrains’koho vertepu. Franko I. Ya. Zibrannia tvoriv: u 50 t. Kyiv. T. 38. S. 378–402 [in Ukrainian].
Chalyi, M. K. (1889) Vospominaniia. Kievskaia starina. T. XXІV. № 1. S. 1–40 [in Russian].
Shein, P. V. (1902) Materialy dlia izucheniia byta i iazyka russkogo naseleniia SeveroZapadnogo kraia. Sobrannye i privedennye v poriadok P. V. Sheinom. T. ІІІ. P. V. Shein. Sbornik otdeleniia russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti Imperatorskoi akademii nauk. Sankt-Peterburg: Tip. Imp. AN. T. LXXII. № 4 [in Russian].
Schurat, V. (1930) Vertep sela Kobylovolok u Terebovel’schyni. Nedilia. Iliustrovanyj tyzhnevyk. L’viv. Rik III. Ch. 1 (70). 6 sichnia. S. 6–7 [in Russian].
Isopolski, E.(1843) Badania podan ludu: Pamiatki Ukrainy. Atheneum. Wilno. Odd III. T. I. S. 19–30; Odd. III. T. 3. S. 47–68 (Dramat wertepowy o smierci. S. 60–64) [in Polish].
Kehrer, H.(1908–1909) Die heiligen drei Könige» in Literatur und Kunst. Lеipzig [in German].
Kryczyński, Bronisław. (1899) Szopka w Podhorcach (powiat Złoczowski). Lud. Lwów. Rocznik V. S. 154–164 [in Polish].
Barkli, U. Komentarii Barkli na evangelie ot Matfeia 2 glava. Dary Khristu. Retrieved from: http://www.bible.by/barclaynewtestament/ [in Russian].
Hajova, Ye. Rizdviana atrybutyka Volodymyra Shahala. Retrieved from: http://narodna.pravda.com.ua/culture/54a555533b63f/ [in Ukrainian].
Hakh, I. Z istorii sviatkuvannia; tradytsii, rozvytok. Retrieved from: http://zbruc.eu/node/45989 [in Ukrainian].
Driazgunov, K. V. Io Saturnalia ili o nekotorykh aspektakh Saturnalii. Retrieved from: http://www.romanglory.com/ dryazgunovsaturnalii [in Ukrainian].
Izobrazhenie v arkosolii v katakombakh ap. Petra i sv. Martcellina, 1 pol. III v. (tcvetnaia akvarel Vilperta, sdelannaia po ego zhe fotografii v 1903 g.). Retrieved from: http://expertmus.livejournal.com/158537.html [in Russian].
Katakomby Domitcilly, 2 pol. IV v. Retrieved from: http://expertmus.livejournal.com/158537.html [in Russian].
Kondakov, N. P. Ikonografiia Bogomateri. І. Obrazy Bozhiei Materi v zhivopisi rimskikh katakomb i na relefakh sarkofagov [I.3. «Poklonenie volkhvov» v zhivopisi rimskikh katakomb]. Retrieved from: http://www.iconart.info/book_contents.php?lng=ru &book_id=33&chap=27 [in Russian].
Kurochkin, O. V. SKOMOROKHY. Retrieved from: http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=skomorokhy [in Ukrainian].
Moskvin, A. Neapolitanskaia Rivera. Neapol. Kapri. Iskia. Prochida. Retrieved from: http://fictionbook.ru/author/sergeyi_buryigin/ neapolitanskaya_rivera_neapol_kapri_iskya_prochida/ read_online.html? page=5#part_401 [in Russian].
Pasternak, O. Banduryst Bohdan Zheplyns’kyj vidrodzhuie lial’kovyj vertep. Retrieved from: http://www.wz.lviv.ua/ pages.php?ac=arch&atid=53383 [in Russian].
Yakubovs’kyj, V. I. Ukrains’kyj narodnyj vertep: aktual’ni pytannia istorii doslidzhennia. Retrieved from: http://philology.knu.ua/library/zagal/ Literaturoznavchi_studii_2011_31/483_491.pdf [in Ukrainian].
A Roman Christmas Ritual: MicroArchitecture and the Theatre of the Presepio by Christopher Longhurst, appearing in Volume 16. Retrieved from:: http://www.sacredarchitecture.org/articles/ a_roman_christmas_ritual_micro_architecture_and_the_theatre_of_the_presepio.
Arnolfo di Cambio, Presepio 1290–1292 Cripta della Cappella Sistina o del Sacramento. Retrieved from: http://ww1.1b1s.org/en/content/ arnolfodicambiopresepio12901292criptadellacappellasistinaodelsacramento.
Saturnalia. URL: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ grout/encyclopaedia_romana/calendar/saturnalia.html.
St. Francis of Assisi // Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://www.webcitation.org/67uAUrKeE.
Storia e tradizioni. Il presepe più antico del mondo: la Natività di Arnolfo di Cambio. Retrieved from: http://www.ezrome.it/romadaconoscere/storiaetradizioni/ 1478ilpresepepiuanticodelmondolanativitadiarnolfodicambio.
Use of clay in ancient Rome. History of Ancient Pottery by H.B. Walters (1905). Retrieved from: http://bennetdictionary.com/useofclayinancientrome/.

Read»

Our authors
Oksana Sapeliak. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in... read »
Olena Nykorak. Senior Researcher, Doctor of Arts read »
Oksana Kis. Senior scientific employee, candidate of... read »
Stepan Pavluk. Prof., full member of NAS of Ukraine,... read »
Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »

Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
Read »

Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »