The Ethnology Notebooks. 2020. № 2 (152), 385—394
UDK 069.7/.8:[069.62:004.738.5]:069.5](477)”1990/…”
DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2020.02.385
KUSHNIR Vitalii
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-0108
Candidate of Historical Science
Research Fellow
Museum of Ethnography and Art Crafts
Of the Institute of Ethnology of the NationalAcademy of Science of Ukraine
15, Svobody ave., 79000. Lviv, Ukraine,
Contacts: e-mail: vitaliy_val@ukr.net
Abstract. In the post-war decades, Ukrainian museum studies were among those branches of the science which were strongly influenced by the ideological and political constraints inherent in the Soviet system. In the years of independence, museum researchers focused their efforts primarily on filling the numerous gaps in the museum history of Ukraine, returning to Ukrainian culture the once forbidden or almost forgotten names of museum figures.
Subsequently, Ukrainian museum studies began to turn to understanding the achievements of world theoretical museology. Today, one can already speak of national museology as a component of European, at least in terms of its problems. The purpose of our article is a brief analysis of the reflection of the main theoretical problems of museology in the works of contemporary Ukrainian researchers, the definition of the features of assimilation and interpretation of its basic approaches and categories, the separation of their own creative contribution to museum theory. The object of the research is the museological publications of modern Ukrainian scientists, and its subject — their key points, conceptual approaches and analytical conclusions. The chronological scope of the article covers the period from the early 1990s to the present.
It is proved that the theoretical space of Ukrainian museology today distinguishes a considerable variety of concepts and approaches learned in the post-Soviet period under the influence of European world museological theory. It is shown that Ukrainian museologists have offered variants of differentiation of types of museum communication, analysis of its main factors and mechanisms, actual innovations also. Particular attention was drawn to the problem of museum exposition as a core element of the special «language of the museum».
It was found that the subject of analysis of museum scholars was also the influence on the nature of museum communication of the latest information technologies, the Internet. A significant original contribution was made to the development of the concept of museum exhibit as a certain visual image, to interpret its creation as a kind of syncretic art genre.
A prominent feature of Ukrainian museology are the studies of multidisciplinary character. There have also been some attempts to analyze the museological problems along the lines of philosophical discourse.
Keywords: theoretical museology, Ukrainian museology, museality, object approach, museum communication theory, museum exposition.
Received 2.03.2020
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