Archive
2010 year, issue 3-4 read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2021. #4 (160). P. 763–1032 DOI... read »
2013 year, issue 2 read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2020. # 5 (155). С. 1013–1244 DOI... read »

« 2024. # 3 (177)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2024. № 3 (177), 501—509

UDK 572(477)”195/197″(091)

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2024.03.501

DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN ANTHROPOLOGY DURING 1950s — FIRST HALF of 1970s. RISES AND FALLS

SEGEDA Sergij

Abstract. The article examines the main directions of scientific research and achievements of Physical Anthropology at the third stage of its development as a scientific discipline in Ukraine. This period covers the mid 1950s and mid 1970s.

The relevance of the research is determined by the lack of general studies on this issue. The purpose of the work is a general assessment of the activities of domestic anthropologists in this period, based on the complex application of historical-cultural and comparative-typological methods.

It was found that from the mid 1950s up to the mid 1970s, the only scientific anthropological center in Ukraine was the Anthropology group of the Department of Ethnography, IMFE Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR. The researchers conducted large-scale surveys of the ancient and modern populations of Ukrainian territories. In order to highlight anthropological problems, a wide range of modern systems of signs and methods of their processing were involved, some of them were included into a program and practice of Physical Anthropology much later in the second half of XX century.

During this period, a number of monographs of the Ukrainian scientists were published, which have retained their scientific significance to these days. It was noted that the termination of the activities of the Anthropology group of the Ethnography Department, IMFE Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR caused irreparable damage to the development of an important branch of ethnographic studies in Ukraine.

Keywords: paleanthropology, applied anthropology, craniology, anthropological composition of the Ukrainian people, hematology, odontology, dermatoglyphics.

Received 3.06.2024

REFERENCES

  • Segeda, S. (2023). Development of Ukrainian anthropology in the 20—30 years of the 20th century. Gains and losses. The Ethnology notebooks, 1, 31—43. DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.01.031 [in Ukrainian].
  • (1960). Preface. Materials of anthropology of Ukraine (Issue 1, pp. 3—5). Kyiv: Vydavnyctvo AN URSR [in Ukrainian].
  • Segeda, S. (2001). Anthropological composition of the Ukrainian people: ethnogenetic aspect. Kyiv: Vydavnyctvo im. O. Teligy [in Ukrainian].
  • Segeda, S. (2021). Historical anthropology of Ukraine. Lviv: Institute of Ethnology of NAN of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
  • Segeda, S. (2010). Vasyl Dyachenko in the history of Ukrainian anthropology. University, 1, 79—85 [in Ukrainian].
  • Segeda, S.P. (1997). Craniological and osteological collections. Ukrainian cultural values ​​in Russia. Archaeological collections of Ukraine. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kuchtenko, І.M. (1972). To the history of the study of the physical development of children of Ukraine. Materials of anthropology of Ukraine (Issue 6, pp. 48—52). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (Issue 6, pp. 48—52) [in Ukrainian].
  • Danilova, Je.I. (1965). Evolution of the hand in connection with issues of anthropogenesis. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Diachenko, V.D. (1961). Anthropological composition of the Ukrainian people in connection with some issues of its ethnogenesis. Abstr. diss… cand. biol. sciences. Moscow [in Russian].
  • Diachenko, V.D. (1965). Anthropological composition of the Ukrainian people. Comparative study of the peoples of the Ukrainian SSR and adjacent territories. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
  • Alieksiejeva, T.I. (1966). Book review: Diachenko V.D. Anthropological composition of the Ukrainian people. Questions of anthropology (Issue 23, pp. 182—183). Кyiv [in Russian].
  • Alieksiejeva, T.I. (1973). Ethnogenesis of the Eastern Slavs according to anthropological data. Moscow: Nauka [in Russian].
  • Diachenko, V. (1992). Not just black eyebrows, brown eyes (anthropological types on the ethnic territory of the Ukrainian people). Viche, 4, 114—122 [in Ukrainian].
  • Diachenko, V. (1972). New materials from the anthropology of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins of Yugoslavia. Materials on anthropology of Ukraine (Issue 6, pp. 42—47). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
  • Zinievich, G.P. (1967). Drawings from paleoanthropology of Ukraine. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Zinievich, G.P., & Kruts, S.I. (1968). Anthropological characteristics of the ancient population of the territory of Ukraine (based on the materials of the expeditions of 1961—1963 years). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Ukrainian].
  • Kruts, S.I. (1972). Population of the territory of Ukraine during the Copper-Bronze Age (according to anthropological data). Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Zinievich, G.P. (1973). Anthropological materials from medieval burial grounds in Southwestern Crimea. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Lavrik, S.S., Karavanov, A.G., Danilova E.I., & etc. (1968). The distribution of blood antigens of the system ABO, MN, Rh among the population of the Ukraine in connection with some problems of etnic history. Moskow.
  • Danilova, Je.I. (1971). Hematological typology and issues of ethnogenesis of the Ukrainian people. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Starovojtowa, R.А. (1979). Ethnic genogeography of the Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv: Naukova dumka [in Russian].
  • Segeda, S.P. (1980). Odontological and dermatoglyphic characteristics of Ukrainians of the Middle Dnieper region in connection with issues of ethnogenesis. Abstr. diss. … cand. hist. sciences [in Russian].

Read»

Our authors
Yaroslav Taras. Head of Department, Professor, Doctor... read »
Olena Nykorak. Senior Researcher, Doctor of Arts read »
Olena Fedorchuk. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. read »
Roman Radovych. Researcher, Ph.D. in History. read »
On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »

Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »

Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
Read »