UKRAINIAN FOLK FIGURE EARTHENWARE | Narodoznavchi Zoshyty

« 2023. # 4 (172)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2023. № 4 (172), 1061—1084

UDK [738:39](=161.2):930.2:069(477:100)

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.04.1061

UKRAINIAN FOLK FIGURE EARTHENWARE: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE SOURCES OF RESEARCH

IVASHKIV Halyna

ORCID ID: htps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-6735
Doctor of Sciences in Art Criticism, Senior Scholar,
Head of the Department «The Centre for Research of Ukrainian Pottery»,
at the Ethnology Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
at the Museum of Ethnography, Arts and Crafts, Folk Art Department,
1, Svoboda Ave., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
Contacts: e-mail: halynaivashkiv@ukr.net

Abstract. Ukrainian folk figure earthenware as an original type decorative and applied arts functions according to all the general laws by which folk art develops. The analogues of such earthenware can be traced in works made of wood, metal, stone, gypsum, dough and cheese. There are figure-shaped bowls of open and closed type, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic interior items, namely candlesticks, earthenware money boxes, flower pots, ash trays, small plastic items, pipes, music instruments (okaryna) etc. We can see certain features of figure shapes in architectural earthenware, particularly in formative and decorative bricks, roof tiles, some exterior and interior elements of sacral buildings (reliefs, rosettes, roofs, and floor tiles), chimneys etc. The earthenware plays an important role in church space and liturgy as well as calendar (Christmas, Easter etc.) and family (birth, wedding, and burial) rituals and customs of the Ukrainian people.

The aim of the article is to provide a versatile analysis of historiography and sources that can become a basis for new research into specificity of plastic and relief dйcor as well as figure earthenware. Therefore, we a have a task to be the first to research less known art critical literature, often unknown archive materials, the author’s own field materials collected during expeditions and trips, data from museum and private collections of earthenware etc. This all gives us the opportunity to introduce a large number of earthenware into Ukrainian art criticism. In particular, we mean items from more than a hundred museums of Ukraine (1993—2019), Poland (National Ethnographic Museum in Warsaw (2005), Ethnographic and National Museums in Krakow (1998, 2002), Castle Museum in Јaсcut (2009), Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Јodz (2013), Museum of the Lublin Region Countryside in Lublin, 1995, 2005, 2011, 2017 etc), Slovakia (Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in Svidnik, 2014), the russian federation (russian Ethnographic Museum, 2005), China (Museum «Ukraine» in Jinhua, 2016), the USA (Ukrainian Museum in New York, Ukrainian National Museum in Chicago, 2019), over 15 private collections, materials from 9 expeditions and numerous business trips.

The object of research is Ukrainian and foreign scholars’ research into the development of figure earthenware; and the subject of research is defining dominant tendencies in interpreting Ukrainian folk figure earthenware. The methodological basis of the research is the metod of art analysis.

Keywords: figure earthenware, plasticity of dйcor and shape, research, sources, museums, collections.

Received 5.07.2023

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