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The Ethnology Notebooks. 2023. № 1 (169), 126—146

UDK [94(477):327(44)]”2014/2022″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2023.01.126

UKRAINE IN THE OFFICIAL DISCOURSE OF FRENCH REPUBLIC (2014—2022)

SYPKO Bogdana

  • ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-9340
  • Candidate of History, Docent,
  • The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv,
  • Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries,
  • 1, Universytetska str., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: е-mail: bogdanasypko@gmail.com

            Abstract. Introduction. For a long period, the issue of Ukraine wasn’t a priority for the Republic. It was discussed exclusively in the context of French interests: nuclear security, a buffer zone between Russia and the West and potential markets for French products.

Problem Statement. In 2014 a new stage began in the relations between official Paris and Kyiv, which is characterized by great intensity. The sources of the study consist of transcripts of official statements and speeches, available on the French govern ment portal Vie publique.

Purpose is to analyze how the official rhetoric of the leaders and the foreign ministers of the Republic regarding Ukraine changed in 2013—2023.

Methods. The general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as special scientific comparative-historical and chronological methods are used in the work. The author adheres to the principle of historicism.

Results. France and Germany initiated the signing of the agreement between the government and the opposition in Ukraine on February 21, 2014. In the conditions of Russian aggression in Crimea and Donbas, France remained a supporter of dialogue with Russia, in the so-called «Normandy format», within the framework of which the Minsk agreements of 2014—2015 were concluded. These initiatives did not bring real results, but respect for the sovereignty of Ukraine within internationally recognized borders was confirmed every time on the international arena. Until the large-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, France considered new Russian aggression against Ukraine unlikely and emphasized the ineffectiveness of the European security system without Russia’s participation. But after 2015, Ukraine’s role was less presented as a buffer zone between the Russian Federation and the EU.

Conclusion. The French priorities regarding Ukraine are as follows: first, to stop the conflict in the east of Ukraine so that it does not spread to other regions; secondly, to prevent the destabilization and disintegration of Ukraine and the deterioration of its socio-economic situation; thirdly, to strengthen Ukraine through reforms; fourthly, to support the transformation of Ukraine in accordance with the European model, but not to rush its admission to the EU.

Keywords: annexation, war, Minsk agreements, Normandy format, official statements, Russian aggression, Ukraine, French Republic.

Received 12.12.2022

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  • Joint press release by Mr. Jean-Yves Le Drian, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs, and Ms. Annalena Baerbock, German Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs on the situation in Ukraine, 18 February 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/283959-ministere-de-leurope-et-des-affaires-etrangeres-18022022-ukraine (Last accessed: 02.12.2022) [in French].
  • Press release from the Presidency of the Republic, dated February 20, 2022, on the proposal to organize a summit between all stakeholders regarding the Ukrainian crisis. Retrieved from: https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/283957-presidence-de-la-republique-20022022-ukraine (Last accessed: 02.12.2022) [in French].
  • Interview of Mr. Jean-Yves Le Drian, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs, with France 2 on February 22, 2022, on the Ukrainian crisis. Retrieved from: https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/284062-entretien-jean-yves-le-drian-22022022-ukraine (Last accessed: 02.12.2022) [in French].
  • Statement by Mr. Emmanuel Macron, President of the Republic, on Russia’s military attack on Ukraine, in Paris on February 24, 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/284066-emmanuel-macron-24022022-ukraine (Last accessed: 02.12.2022) [in French].
  • G7 Leaders’ Statement on the Invasion of Ukraine by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, 24 February 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.vie-publique.fr/discours/284113-presidence-de-la-republique-24022022-ukraine (Last accessed: 02.12.2022) [in French].

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Our authors
Olena Nykorak. Senior Researcher, Doctor of Arts read »
Boliuk Oleh - kandidate of sciences in arts, Doctoral... read »
Oksana Kis. Senior scientific employee, candidate of... read »
Oksana Sapeliak. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in... read »
Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
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Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
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Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
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Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
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