Archive
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 2014 year, issue 4 read »
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 1995 year, issue 1 read »
2010 year, issue 5-6 read »
The Ethnology Notebooks. 2024. # 5 (179). P. 985-1364 DOI... read »

« 2021. # 3 (159)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2021. № 3 (159), 689—699

UDK 738.012.016.02.03(477-25)”195″

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2021.03.689

EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR CERAMICS OF THE 1950’S KYIV EXPERIMENTAL WORKSHOP OF ART CERAMICS

SKOROMNA Alesia

  • ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8961-4524
  • Ph.D student of the Department
  • of Theory and History of Art,
  • National Academy of Fine Arts and Architecture,
  • 20, Voznesensky Descent St., 04053, Kyiv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: dolzhenko2012@gmail.com

Abstract. The purpose of the article. The article, based on the study of archival materials and natural art sources, systematizes, attributes and analyzes selected artistic exterior and interior works of the 1950’s of the Kyiv Experimental Workshop of Art Ceramics, as well as outlines its main technological achievements.

Methodology provides for the unity of such approaches as the historical (introduction of ceramics into the artistic context  — of the 1950’s and the development of objects in chronological order), factual (study of archival documents), method of comparative analysis (attribution of works of art, comparative typological comparison) and art history analysis (formal‑stylistic analysis to identify the style and formation of works).

Scientific novelty. A selected group of ceramoplastics of the Experimental Workshop made in the Stalin’s Empire‑style and the Ukrainian neo-baroque style of the 1950’s was introduced into scientific circulation, including the decoration of the educational institution № 1/185 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine «Berehynia» and archival documents of N. Fedorova. The attribution of the found works is carried out, their origin and author’s affiliation of technologist N. Fedorova, folk master O. Zhelezniak, professional ceramist O. Hrudzynska. It is formulated that the architectural and decorative ceramoplastics of the workshop in the 1950’s in terms of manufacturing technology and style had two directions: mixing poly- and monochromy in exterior ceramics (terracotta and enamel) and polychrome exterior and interior products (solid covered with enamels).

Conclusions. It was found out that in 1952—1959 the workshop was engaged in the design of preschools, administrative and residential buildings in Kyiv, Poltava and Cherkasy regions. The main technological achievements of the 1950’s were developed majolica enamel glaze of restorative fire based on copper compounds regenerative by N. Fedorova in 1956 and the revival of the technology of painting on raw enamel. Implementation in practice of the new methods proposed by O. Hrudzynska: enamels on enamel, painting with ceramic paint and watering restorative fire on a terracotta shard. The collected and analyzed factual material allows to illustrate certain observations regarding the appeal in ceramoplastics, in particular O. Hrudzynska to zoo- and phytomorphic motifs, light matte terracotta and enamels.

Keywords: Ukraine, 1950’s, exterior and interior ceramoplastics, unleaded and lead‑free enamels, terracotta, ornament, N. Fedorova, O. Hrudzynska, O. Zhelezniak, Experimental workshop.

Received  20.04.2021

REFERENCES

  • Sakovych, I., & Bazhan, M. (Ed.). (1968). Decorative and applied arts. Ceramics. History of Ukrainian art. Soviet art of 1941—1967 (Vol. 6, pp. 359—363). Kyiv: IMFE im. M. Rylskoho NAN Ukrainskoj RSR [in Ukrainian].
  • Kolomiecz, N., & Vejmarn, B. (Ed.). (1977). Art of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Architecture Art history of the peoples of the USSR. The art of the peoples of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War and until the end of the 1950’s (Vol. 8, pp. 167—210). Moskva: Izobrazitelnoe iskusstvo [in Russian].
  • Kolomiiets, M. (1973). Problems of formation of modern architecture of the Ukrainian RSR. Kyiv: Budivelnyk [in Ukrainian].
  • Musienko, P. (1953). Ceramics in architecture and construction (methods of decorating ceramic products). Kyiv: Academy of architecture of Ukrainian SSR [in Russian].
  • Manucharova, N. (1950). Artistic ceramic detail (experience of Kyiv architects). Visnyk akademii arkhitektury Ukrainskoi RSR, 2, 20—25 [in Ukrainian].
  • Muzychenko, S. (1974). Creators of the rainbow. Narodna tvorchist ta etnohrafiia, 3 (127), 77—81 [in Ukrainian].
  • Beketova, I. (2007). Experimental workshop. Kupola, 4, 70—72 [in Ukrainian].
  • Istomina, H., Studnytska, M., Skrypnyk, H., & Kara‑Vasyl’ieva, T. (Ed.). (2016). History of decorative art of Ukraine. Art of the XX — early XXI century. Architectural and decorative ceramics (Vol. 5, pp. 129—137). Kyiv: IMFE im. M.T.  Rylskoho NAN Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
  • Veligoczkaya, N. (1965). Ceramics by Oksana Hrudzynska. Dekorativnoe іskusstvo, 7, 44 [in Russian].
  • About the work of the ceramic workshop of the Institute of Arts Industry of the AA of the USSR. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 92. Ark. 1—76 [in Russian].
  • Varvartsev, M., Drach, I., Musiienko, P. and others. Essays, articles and poems about O. Zhelezniak. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 78. Ark. 1—88 [in Russian].
  • Hrudzynska, O. (2020). Audio recording of an interview with a ceramist from 26.10.2020 [in Russian].
  • Characteristics, explanatory notes, articles, invitations, etc. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 76. Ark. 1—47 [in Russian].
  • About the work of the Experimental ceramic workshop of the Institute of Arts and Crafts of the AA of the USSR. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 93. Ark. 1—29 [in Russian].
  • About the work of the Experimental ceramic workshop of the Institute of Arts and Crafts of the AA of the USSR. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 94. Ark. 1—69 [in Russian].
  • About the work of the ceramic workshop of the institute of architectural constructions AB and A of the USSR. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 96. Ark. 1—88 [in Russian].
  • About the work of the Experimental ceramic workshop. TsDAMLM Ukrainy (Tsentr. derzh. arkhiv-muzei liter. i myst. Ukrainy). F. 1113. Op. 1. Od. zb. 97. Ark. 1—8 [in Russian].

Read»

Our authors
Olena Nykorak. Senior Researcher, Doctor of Arts read »
Boliuk Oleh - kandidate of sciences in arts, Doctoral... read »
Oksana Sapeliak. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. in... read »
Stepan Pavluk. Prof., full member of NAS of Ukraine,... read »
Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »

On bessarabian and moldavian ukrainians in the studies of historical ethnography
The article has thrown some light upon a sum of scientific findings got during XIX to XXI cc. in historio-ethnographic studies of Bessarabia and Moldavian Ukrainians. In the pre­sent paper has been given author’s answer to the problem of lacking progress as for the numerous themes concerning Ukrainians. State and achievements of the research-works in Ukrainians’ material and spiritual culture by the scientists of Moldavia and Ukraine through the years of independence has been exposed.
Read »

Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »