« 2018. #1 (139)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2018, 1 (139), 36–47

UDK323.173:327](=1:477.87:437.6)

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2018.01.036

Received 7.12.2017

MODERN POLITICAL RUSYNISM AT CARPATHIAN REGION — AN ANTI-UKRAINIAN PROJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SLOVAKIA)

Sopolyha Myroslav, Doctor of Sciences,

Director of the Museum of Ukrainian culture

Svydnyk, Slovakia

Abstract. The article analyzes the problems of modern neorusynism (political rusynism), its genesis, political technologies coming to life in the conditions of Slovakia, in the context of topical geopolitical strategies. The author, on the basis of his own long-term observation and research, came to the conclusion that neorusy­nism is an anti-Ukrainian project. The author presents his vision of the problem, as well as suggestions for its solution.

 Keywords: Ruthenians-Ukrainians, separatism, Carpathian region, Transcarpathia, Slovakia, neorusynism, political rusynism, ethnic group, ethno identity.

REFERENCES

Baleha, Yu. (2010). Politychne rusynstvo, abo Fentsyko-brodiivs’ki pryvydy na Zakarpatti. Uzhhorod.
Baleha, Yu. (2003). Politychne rusynstvo i budivnytstvo ukrains’koi derzhavy. Uzhhorod.
Bacha, Yu., Kovach, A., Shtets’, M. (2008). Chomu, koly i iak? Zapytannia i vidpovidi z istorii ta kul’tury rusyniv-ukraintsiv Chekhoslovachchyny. Uzhhorod.
Belej, L. (2011). Psevdonaukovyj dyskurs etnomovnoi identyfikatsii naselennia prykordonnykh rajoniv Karpat posttotalitarnoi doby. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku. Svydnyk. Т. 26. P. 52–55.
Belej, L. (2017). Rusyns’kyj separatyzm. Natsiietvorennia in vitro. Kyiv: Tempora.
Vanat, I. (1993). Do pytannia pro tak zvanu ukrainizatsiiu rusyniv Priashivschyny. Dodatok do haz. «Nove zhyttia». Priashiv, 1993. Rich. 43. № 50–51.
Vanat, I. (1990, 1995). Narysy istorii ukraintsiv Skhidnoi Slovachchyny. Priashiv. Т. 1–2.
Vanat, I. (1993). Politychnyj rusynizm – korinnia i parostky. Ukrains’ki Karpaty: materia-ly mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii «Ukrains’ki Karpaty: etnos, istoriia, kul’tura». Uzhhorod: Karpaty. P. 31–38.
Etnichna ta etnokul’turna istoriia Ukrainy: u 3 t. Kyiv, 2011. Т. 2.
Etnohenez ta etnichna istoriia naselennia ukrains’kykh Karpat. L’viv, 1990. Т. 2.
Latta, V. (1991). Atlas Ukrains’kykh hovoriv Skhidnoi Slovachchyny. Priashiv.
Magochij, P.R. (2007). Istoriia Ukrainy. Kyiv.
Magochij, P.R. (2012). Ukraina. Istoriia ii zemel’ ta narodiv. Uzhhorod.
Magochij, P.R. (2012). Narod nizvidky. Iliustrovana istoriia karpatorusyniv. Uzhhorod.
Pavliuk, S. (Ed.). (2007). Mala entsyklopediia ukrains’koho narodoznavstva. L’viv.
Myshanych, O. (1991). Vid Karpats’kykh rusyniv do Zakarpats’kykh ukraintsiv. Istoryko-kul’turnyj narys. Uzhhorod.
Myshanych, O. (1993). Karpaty nas ne rozluchat’. Uzhhorod.
Myshanych, O. (1999). Politychne rusynstvo: istoriia i suchasnist’. Idejni dzherela zakarpats’koho separatyzmu. Kyiv.
Sopolyha, S. (Ed.). (2007). Slovats’ko-ukrains’ki vzaiemyny v oblasti istorii, kul’tury, movy ta literatury. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 24). Svydnyk.
Sopolyha, S. (Ed.). (2010). Skhidno-khrystyians’ki sakral’ni pam’iatky na slovats’ko-pol’s’ko-ukrains’komu pohranychchi. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 25). Svydnyk.
Sopolyha, S. (Ed.). (2011). Ukraintsi v prykordonnykh oblastiakh Karpat: problemy akul’turatsii, asymiliatsii, identyfikatsii. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 26). Svydnyk.
Sopolyha, S. (Ed.). (2013). Istoriia ta kul’tura Lemkivschyny. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 27). Svydnyk.
Sopolyha, S. (Ed.). (2016). Ukraintsi v istorii ta kul’turi Karpat. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 28). Svydnyk.
Pavliuk, S. (2006). Etnoheneza ukraintsiv. Sproba teoretychnoi konstruktsii. L’viv.
Pavliuk, S., Kyrchiv, R. (2017). Prodovzhennia apolohetyky absurdu. Duklia (№ 2, pp. 63–66). Priashiv.
Pavliuk, S. (1986). Narodna ahrotekhnika ukraintsiv Karpat druhoi polovyny XIX – pochatku XX~st.: Istoryko-etnohrafichne doslidzhennia. Kyiv.
Pipash, V. (2009). Fenomen rehional’noho separatyzmu v Zakarpats’kij oblasti. Mukachevo.
Rusynstvo v Ukraini: separatyzm chy politychni manipuliatsii? (2017). Stratehichni pryoritety. Naukovo-analitychnyj schokvartal’nyj zbirnyk (№ 1). Kyiv.
Skrypnyk, H. (2013). «Rusyny» – etnonim, scho maie ukraintsiv iednaty. Ukraintsi-rusyny: etnolinhvistychni ta etnokul’turni protsesy v istorychnomu rozvytku (pp. 1–8). Kyiv.
Skrypnyk, H. (1999). Suchasna Ukraina: Natsiia i problema derzhavotvorennia. Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiia. Kyiv.
Sopolyha, M. (2001). Do pytan’ etnichnoi identyfikatsii ta suchasnykh etnichnykh protsesiv ukraintsiv Priashivschyny. Naukovyj zbirnyk Muzeiu ukrains’koi kul’tury u Svydnyku (№ 22, pp. 208–236). Priashiv.
Sopolyha, M. (2006). Ukraina j ukraintsi. Carpatica – Karpatyka (Vyp. 35, pp. 83–95). Uzhhorod.
Sopolyha, M. (2005). Do pytan’ etnichnoi istorii ta natsional’noho vyznachennia ukraintsiv Slovachchyny. Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiia (№ 3, pp. 35–44). Kyiv.
Sopolyha, M. (2017). Ukraintsi v rehioni Karpat – aktual’ni problemy doslidzhennia. Lemky, bojky, hutsuly, rusyny – istoriia, suchasnist’, kul’tura material’na i dukhovna (t. VI). Stara Lesna.
Sopolyha, M. (2011). Ukraintsi Slovachchyny: material’ni vyiavy narodnoi kul’tury ta mystetstva. Kyiv.
Taras, Ya. (2007). Sakral’na derev’iana arkhitektura ukraintsiv Karpat. Kul’turno-tradytsijnyj aspekt. L’viv.
Tyvodar, M. (2011). Etnohrafiia Zakarpattia: istoryko-etnohrafichnyj narys. Uzhhorod.
Tyvodar, M. (1999). Etnohrafichne rajonuvannia ukraintsiv Zakarpattia (za materialamy tradytsijnoi kul’tury druhoi polovyny XIX – pershoi polovyny XX st. Karpatyka (Vyp. 6, pp. 3–32). Uzhhorod.
Skrypnyk, H. (Ed.). (2013). Ukraintsi-rusyny. Etnolinhvistychni ta etnokul’turni protsesy v istorychnomu rozvytku. Kyiv.
Fedaka, P. (2008). Narodne zhytlo ukraintsiv Zakarpattia XVIII–XX stolit’. Uzhhorod.
Fedynyshynets’, V. (1992). Myrna nasha rusyns’ka put’. Priashiv.
Chuchka, P. Natsional’na svidomist’ zakarpats’kykh ukraintsiv u KhKh st.: etnolinhvistychnyj ta kul’turno-istorychnyj aspekt. Uzhhorod.
Shtets’, M. (1996). Ukrains’ka mova v Slovachchyni (sotsiolinhvistychne ta interlinhvistychne doslidzhennia. Priashiv.
Botík, J. (2007). Etnická história Slovenska. K problematike etnicity, etnickej identity, multietnického Slovenska a zahraničných Slovákov. Bratislava.
Chaloupecký,  V. (1947). Valaši na Slovensku. Praha.
Encyklopédia ľudovej kultúry Slovenska. (1995). Bratislava.
Retsenziia: Sopoliga, M. (1995). Encyklopédia ľudovej kultúry Slovenska z hľadiska prezentácie Rusínov-Ukrajincov. Slovenský národopis (Roč. 43, 4. pp. 503—506).
Etnografický atlas Slovenska (1990). Bratislava.
Gajdoš, M. (1995). Otázky identity Rusínov (Ukrajincov) na Slovensku v 90. rokov. Slovenskoukrajinské vzťahy v oblasti národnostných menšín. Zborník materiálov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie (pp. 98–105). Prešov.
Krasowski, I. (1992). Problem autochtonizmu Rusinуw w Beskidzie Niskim. Јemkowie v historii i kulturze Karpat (pp. 381–386). Sanok.
Magocsi, P.R. (1992). Karpatskí Rusíni: súčasný stav a perspektívy v budúcnosti. Slovenský národopis (R. 40, 2, pp. 183–192). Bratislava.
Mušinka, M., & Mušinka, A. (2011). Národnostná menšina pred zánikom? Prešov.
Mušinka, M. (2011). Rusíni-Ukrajinci — jedna národnosť. K seriálu článkov Rusíni — ohrozená menšina. Príloha novín Nove žytťa (pp. 9–10). Prešov.
Petrov, A. (1924). Národopisna mapa Uher: Podle Úředního Lexikonu osad zr.1773. Praha.
Sopoliga, M. (2006). Tradície hmotnej kultúry Ukrajincov na Slovensku. Bratislava.
Tajták, L. (1961). Východoslovenské vysťahovalectvo do prvej svetovej vojny. Nové obzory (Č. 3, pp. 221–247). Prešov.

Read»

Our authors
Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »

Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
Read »

Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »