« 2026. # 4 (190)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2026. № 4 (190), 1034—1043

UDK 75.052:75.025.3(477.83-25)

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/

  • Received: 21.07.2026
  • Accepted: 27.07.2026
  • Published: ??.??.2026

ATTENTION TO DETAIL: ATTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF MULTI-LAYERED WALL PAINTING IN A RESIDENTIAL INTERIOR (The Case of the Eminovych Townhouse in Lviv)

KARPIV Vasyl

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-8829
  • Ph.D in Art Studies, Restorer of Monumental Art,
  • Head of the Restoration Bureau «Karp Restorer»,
  • Lecturer at the Lviv National Academy of Arts,
  • 38 Kubiyovycha St., 79011, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: vasylkarpiv@gmail.com

ZMIІEVSKA Iryna

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0437-0892
  • Restorer of Monumental Art, Project Manager
  • of the Restoration Bureau «Karp Restorer»,
  • junior researcher
  • at the Lviv National Academy of Arts,
  • 38 Kubiyovycha St., 79011, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: irarest31@gmail.com

IHERI Oksana

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-227X
  • Ph.D in Art Studies, Senior Researcher
  • at the Art Studies Department,
  • The Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy
  •  of Sciences of Ukraine,
  • 15, Svobody Avenue, 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts:e-mail: oheriy@ukr.net

Abstract. The article examines the problems of attribution and conservation of a multi-layered wall painting from different historical periods, uncovered during the restoration of the Eminovich townhouse at 17 Virmenska Street in Lviv. The current objective of preserving the authentic structure of the wall painting as comprehensively as possible, together with the cultural and historical evidence embedded within it, demanded carefully tailored methods of research, conservation, and display. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to analyse the experience gained during the conservation of the multi-layered wall paintings in the principal rooms on the second floor of the Eminovich townhouse and to highlight the role of art-historical analysis in shaping conservation decisions under conditions of incomplete preservation.

The study demonstrates that each historical layer of the wall painting reflects a distinct stage in the architectural development of the building, corresponding to changes in the artistic preferences of its owners and in the decorative culture of a particular period. Despite the severe fragmentation of all painting layers created over the course of two and a half centuries, it was possible to identify a consistent compositional principle governing the decoration of the reception rooms, notwithstanding its responsiveness to changing European artistic fashions. The landscapes and ornamental decoration preserved on the walls testify to the close integration of Lviv’s inhabitants into the broader European cultural milieu and to their familiarity with the aesthetic ideals of their time.

Keywords: attribution; mural transfer; multi-layered wall paintings; conservation research; wall painting conservation; Rococo decorative painting; cultural heritage.

REFERENCES

  • Schneider, A. (1871). Encyclopedia of Galician Regional Studies (Vol. 1). Lwow [in Polish].
  • Lypka, R. (1983). Ensemble of Virmenska Street. Lviv: Kamenyar [in Ukrainian].
  • Vuytsyk, V. (2004). Materials for the Townhouses History on Virmenska Street. Bulletin of the Ukrzakhidproektrestavratsiya (Issue 14, pp. 154—163) [in Ukrainian].
  • Melnyk, I. (2011). Lviv’s Downtown: all the Streets, Squares, Churches and Townhouses. Lviv: Apriori [in Ukrainian].
  • Hanuliak, L., Bolinski, P. (2023). Conservation Research as a Contribution to the Discovery and Conservation of Renaissance Wall Ornamentation in the Interior of the Formal Hall of the Royal House in Lviv. Wiadomosci konserwatorskie (Vol. 74, pp. 60—73) [in Polish].
  • Burkovska, L. (2009). Current problems of the monumental painting of preservation in religious buildings. Culturological opinion: yearbook of scientific works, 5 (1), 332 — 337 [in Ukrainian].
  • Karpiv, V. (2024). Attribution and Conservation Methods for Multi-Period Monumental Art: The Case of the Eighteenth-Century Uzhhorod Cathedral. Current Issues of the Humanities: Interuniversity Collection of Scholarly Papers by Young Scientists of Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University, 76 (1), 129—140 [in Ukrainian].
  • Bolinski, P. (2020). The State of Preservation of Franciszek Eckstein’s Frescoes in the Former Jesuit Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Lviv as a Contribution to the Study of Conservation Technology for Eighteenth-Century Quadratura Paintings. The State of Research on the Multicultural Heritage of the Former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 17, 275—277 [in Polish].
  • Kosakowski, E. (2000). Conservation Design: Paths of Contemporary Conservation. Arrangement — Exhibition — Reconstruction. Studies and Materials of the Faculty of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, 9 (2), 76—113 [in Polish].
  • Ostaszewska, M. (2002). The Transfer of a Wall Painting in the Conservation Design of a Historic Interior. In: From Research to Conservation Practice: Conference Proceedings (Pp. 49—55). Torun [in Polish].
  • Tarnowska-Reszczynska, М. (2019). Wall Painting Transfers in Krakow from the Late Nineteenth Century to the Present: Principles and Conservation Practice. Krakow [in Polish].
  • Savitska, V. (2021). And the walls began to speak… Tvoe misto. Retrieved from: https://tvoemisto.tv/uk/stories/123855-i-stiny-zagovoryly-na-virmenskiy-znayshly-kamyanytsyu-v-yakiy-zhyv-korol [in Ukrainian].
  • State Archives of Lviv Region. Fond 2. Opys 1. Sprava 1171.
  • Siomochkin, I. (2013). Virmenska Street, 17 — Former Eminovych Townhouse. Lviv Interactive (Center for Urban History). Retrieved from: https://lia.lvivcenter.org/uk/objects/virmenska-17/ [in Ukrainian].
  • Reichman, F. (1897). Address Directory of the Royal Capital City of Lviv.Lviv [in Polish].
  • (1901, 3.ХІІ). Przegląd poliytczny, spoleczny і literacki, 279 [in Polish].
  • Szmelter, І.М. (2006). Contemporary Theory of the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage: An Outline of Key Issues. Ochrona Zabytkow, 2, 5—39 [in Polish].
  • Fischer von Erlach, J.E. (1725). A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture, Represented in the Designs of Famous Buildings (Vol. 4: Buildings Designed and Drawn by the Author). Leipzig [in German].
Our authors
On field exploration of russian and belarusian ethnologists and etnolinguists in Ukrainian Polisia 1945—1980s
In the study based on a wide range of literary materials have been comprehensively characterised field research in Polisia of Ukraine, performed by Russian and Belarusian ethnologists during 1945—1980s as well as Moscow ethnolinguists and other researchers from ethnologic centres of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the course of realization of Ethnolinguistic Atlas of Polisia program. Particular attention has been paid to geography, methods, themes and research results of scientific projects.
Read »

Wax candle as ukrainian Christmas and epiphany ritualistic text
For the first time in native ethnology the article has brought some results of special study in sign functionality of a wax candle under the context of Ukrainian Christmas and Epiphany ritualistic text (ritualism of Christmas Eve, New Year, Epiphany Eve and Feast of Epiphany). The study has stated extremely high semiotic position of a wax candle as projection of Sun, mediator between the spheres of sacral and prophane elements, symbolic analogue of human existence, apotropy, cultural symbol re-establishing borders of acculturated space.
Read »

Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
Read »

On bessarabian and moldavian ukrainians in the studies of historical ethnography
The article has thrown some light upon a sum of scientific findings got during XIX to XXI cc. in historio-ethnographic studies of Bessarabia and Moldavian Ukrainians. In the pre­sent paper has been given author’s answer to the problem of lacking progress as for the numerous themes concerning Ukrainians. State and achievements of the research-works in Ukrainians’ material and spiritual culture by the scientists of Moldavia and Ukraine through the years of independence has been exposed.
Read »