Archive
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 1995 year, issue 2 read »
2013 year, issue 1 read »
2011 year, issue 4 read »
«Narodoznavchi Zoshyty» 2015 year, issue 4 read »

« 2022. # 2 (164)

The Ethnology Notebooks. 2022. № 2 (164), 401—416

UDK 398.81(477.83-2):[94:329.17(477)”19″]

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/nz2022.02.401

SUPPORTERS OF THE UNDERGROUND IN THE VORTEX OF THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE: MOTIVES OF NATIONAL RESISTANCE AND RED TERROR

KRAVTSOVA Galina

  • ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-1481
  • Candidate of Philology,
  • the Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy
  • of Sciences of Ukraine,
  • Research folklore department,
  • 15, Svobody ave., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine,
  • Contacts: e-mail: galynamagas@gmail.com

Abstract. During the Second World War and after the so-called «great victory», the communist totalitarian regime pursued a policy of terror in Ukraine and, in particular, in Galicia, through the relevant repressive authorities. As a result, millions of Ukrainians have been persecuted, deprived of life, liberty, property, tortured, deported, sent to special settlements outside Ukraine, forced labor in conditions of restriction of liberty, deprived of citizenship or otherwise degraded in their civil rights and freedoms. A large number of people were forced to flee, hide, live in unsatisfactory conditions, separate from their relatives and friends, and give their children upbringing to other people.

Folk prose about the life of the Galicia civilian population during and after World War II includes several major cycles. Key topics addressed in the proposed article: cooperation with the underground and mass deportations. Such texts record examples of assistance to the underground, local manifestations and results of the civilians struggle against the occupiers, testify to the role of popular support for the UPA, the place and importance of the OUN and UPA sympathizers in the national-liberation struggle of the mid-twentieth century. In addition, they reflect the issue of returning deportees home, all the difficulties that arose in connection with the branding of «UPA accomplice». Such stories and legends have not been the subject of extensive research in folklore yet. Therefore, their folklore elaboration is relevant today. In the proposed exploration, the autho r aims to find out the peculiarity of the relevant prose samples recorded in the Stryi district, primarily — their poetic system. The object of research is the texts of stories and legends, the subject — their structure and poetics. The main attention is paid to the motives and folklore constants, which are typical for the texts of oral folk art, they are the focus. The basis of the work is the author’s field materials.

Keywords: folk prose, poetics, motive, deportations.

Received 9.05.2022

REFERENCES

  • Khalyuk, L. (2013). Oral folk tales of Ukrainian immigrants of Lemkivshchyna, Kholmshchyna, Pidlyashshya ta Nadsyannya: genre-thematic specifics, artistic features. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Vakhnina, L. (2011). Folklore of ukrainians in Poland (the phenomenon of Northern Pidlyashshya). Kyiv Polonistic Studies (Vol.  XVIII, pp. 508—511). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kyrchiv, R. (2002). Folklore study of Kholmshchyna and Pidlyashshya. From folklore regions of Ukraine. Essays and articles (Pp. 263—294). Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kuzmenko, O. (2010). The Motherland concept in the paradigm of artistic images of space in folklore innovations about eviction (on the basis of own records from the Western Boykivshchyna). Literature. Folklore. Problems of poetics (Issue 34, pp. 210—220). Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Pavliv, Yu. (2015). The image of the «small homeland» in the historical memory of immigrants from Kholmshchyna and Lemkivshchyna. Ukraine-Poland: historical heritage and public consciousness (Vol. 8, pp. 163—179). Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kachmar, M. (2020). Deportation of Ukrainians from Zakerzonnya in 1944—1945: before and after (on the materials of the Tulyholove village, Gorodetsky district, Lviv region). Ethnographic notebooks, 3, 573—584 [in Ukrainian].
  • Chikalo, O. (2013). Songs-chronicles of the XX century: folklore chronicle of arrests and deportations. Ethnographic notebooks, 1, 40—44 [in Ukrainian].
  • Kravtsova, G. (2019). Songs-chronicles of the period of national liberation struggles in the XX century: themes, motives, images (on the materials collected in the Stryi district). Ethnographic notebooks, 5, 1191—1199. Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • On the repression victims rehabilitation of the communist totalitarian regime of 1917—1991. Retrieved from: zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/962-12#n105 [in Ukrainian].
  • Slyvka, Yu. (Ed.). (1996). Origins and consequences of the national tragedy. Deportations. Western lands of Ukraine in the late 30’s — early 50s. Documents, materials, memoirs (Vol. 1, pp. 5—26) [in Ukrainian].
  • Bazhan, O., Stasiuk, O., & Pershina, T. Deportation. ESU. Retrieved from: https://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=26038 [in Ukrainian].
  • Lunyo, E. (Ed.). (2015). Insurgent heroic epic and current issues of modern state formation. Yavoriv region in the insurgent struggle. Stories of participants and eyewitnesses (Vol. 2, pp. 3—20) [in Ukrainian].
  • Ginda, O. (2015). The «mother» concept in labor songs and poetry of family issues. Poetic creativity of the Ukrainian labor community in Italy at the beginning of the XXI century in the context of folk tradition (Pp. 231—254) [in Ukrainian].
  • Kuzmenko, O. (2018). Dramatic Human Existence in Ukranian Folklore: Conceptual Forms of Expression (the Pperiod of WWI and WWII). Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Kuzmenko, O. (2018). Folklore signs of military existence in the triad of concepts «will» — «slavery» — «fate». Ethnographic notebooks, 1, 125—137 [in Ukrainian].
  • Chikalo, O. (2020). The national hero in the folklore narratives of the mid-twentieth century: semantic and poetic aspects. Totalitarianism as a system of national memory destruction: a collection of scientific papers on the materials of the All-Ukrainian scientific-practical conference (Pp. 161—166) [in Ukrainian].
  • Mushketyk, L. (2014). Characters of the Ukrainian folk tale. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Koval, G. (2014). Color as a sign of formation in calendar-ritual poetry. Ethnographic notebooks, 4, 733—740 [in Ukrainian].
  • Lunyo, E. (2012). The cult of the native army in the insurgent epic tradition of Yavoriv region. Ethnographic notebooks, 5, 890—907 [in Ukrainian].
  • Koval-Fuchylo I. (2021). The motive of the lost paradise in stories about forced resettlement. Folkart and ethnology, 2, 87—97 [in Ukrainian].
  • Zhayvoronok, V. (2006) Signs of Ukrainian ethnoculture: Dictionary-reference book. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
  • Moiseiv, I. (1993). Native house — a category of Ukrainian spirituality. Modernity, 7, 130—146 [in Ukrainian].
  • Livinska, O. (2004). It is not too late for midnight at home, or an archetype in Ukrainian fiction. Multiversum. Philosophical Almanac, 44. Kyiv: Center for Spiritual Culture. Retrieved from: http://www.filosof.com.ua/Jornel / M_44 /Livinska.htm [in Ukrainian].
  • Veronska, T. People from whom Ukraine was to be evicted. Local History. Retrieved from: https://localhistory.org.ua/texts/statti/liudi-z-iakikh-mali-viseliti-ukrayinu/ [in Ukrainian].
  • Sokil, V. (2017). Folklore prose about the famines of the XX century in Ukraine. Lviv [in Ukrainian].
  • Lunyo, E. (2005). Yavorivshchyna in the insurgent struggle: Stories of participants and eyewitnesses (Vol. 1): Nakonechne Pershe. Finally the Second [in Ukrainian].
  • Demyan, G. (2003). Ukrainian insurgent songs of 1940—2000: historian-folklorist. Research. Kyiv: Ukrainian Publishing Union; Lviv: Halytska vydavnycha spilka [in Ukrainian].
  • Golubets, O. (2019). I fled from Germany, but did not escape from Siberia (stories-memoirs of Anna Urbanovych, a native of Kosamach Kosiv district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. National Memory (in honor of the victims of totalitarianism (Issue III, pp. 21—27) [in Ukrainian].
  • Kis, O. Ukrainian women in the Holodomor: lawlessness vs ability. Modern Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://uamoderna.com/md/kis-women-holodomor [in Ukrainian].

Read»

Our authors
Oksana Kis. Senior scientific employee, candidate of... read »
Olena Fedorchuk. Senior Research Fellow, Ph.D. read »
Stepan Pavluk. Prof., full member of NAS of Ukraine,... read »
Olena Nykorak. Senior Researcher, Doctor of Arts read »
Traditional folk clothes of velikobychkovsky hutsuly of XIX — the first half of XX century
In the study based upon numerous field materials, literature sources as well as ethnographic, historio-cultural and regional museum collections has been performed complex analysis in traditional folk clothes by Hutzul population of Velyky Bychkiv village in Transcarpathian region. Detailed descriptions of femi­nine and masculine clothing complexes of the mentioned area have been presented. In characterizing of those main attention has been paid to the detail of cut in separate components of dress; cut of feminine shirt has been added as an illustration.
Read »

Daily bread baking of ukrainians in the south-western ethnographical region at the late XIX to early XXI cc.
The paper has dealt with analytic study in prescriptions, signs, customs, methods, ways of selection, procurement and some peculiarities in usage of subsidiary means — water, firewood and leaves in bread baking. The final aim of the mentioned actions had been (and still is) selection of the means and ingredients fit, by their characteristics, for the backing of bread. The paper has demonstrated dependence of bread backing subsi­diary means criteria from the folk nutritional standards and world outlook stereotypes as well as from regional social and economic, natural and geographical factors and peculiarities of material culture.
Read »

Boikos’ pandemonium: categories of evil deceased
In the article have been presented some research-work on peculiarities of Boikos’ traditional demonological notions as for so-called evil deceased; on the basis of field records and ethnological literary sources quite a number of scum categories have been defined as well as essential habits, modes of behavior and functions of these personages of people’s demonology.
Read »

Maternity ritualism by volhynians in publications of the second half XIX to the early XXI cc.
In the article have been considered some basic landmarks for fixing and publication of ethnographic materials on the maternity rites of Volhynia with analytical study in ritual elements, their kinds and territories of origin. The article has also raised a problem of gaps in studies of maternity rites of Ukrainian historio-ethnographic Volhynia.
Read »